November is the month the garden goes to sleep, but not quite yet. In Zone 7, the average first autumn frost is Nov 1–15, so the last tender crops are gone, but hardy greens, roots and brassicas keep producing, and there is still time to plant garlic, sow cover crops and tidy the garden for winter. November work is slow, quiet and satisfying.
What November means in Zone 7
USDA Zone 7 covers a broad band of the United States, from parts of Virginia and North Carolina through Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, and into the Pacific Northwest. Winters are cold enough for a real frost, with average winter lows of 0 to 10°F, but mild enough that the ground rarely stays frozen for long.
The dates that matter most are the frost averages. The average last spring frost in Zone 7 is Mar 15–Apr 1, and the average first autumn frost is Nov 1–15. These are USDA zone averages drawn from NOAA frost records, not exact dates for any one garden. Always check your local extension service and the forecast before planting tender crops outside. Use our frost date calculator for your zone’s averages.
November in Zone 7 is the last call for garlic: plant it early in the month while the ground is still workable, because once the soil freezes you will have missed the window. After a frost, kale and brussels sprouts are at their sweetest, so leave them standing and harvest as you need them.
November task list
- Plant garlic and shallots if you have not already.
- Sow cover crops on any bed that is still bare.
- Harvest kale, brussels sprouts, leeks, carrots, turnips and parsnips.
- Mulch perennials, roses and tender shrubs heavily.
- Clean, sharpen and oil tools, and drain hoses and water butts.
- Start microgreens and herbs indoors, and plan next year's beds.
- Protect container plants and move tender pots under cover.
What to start indoors in November
Start these under cover now, with strong light and steady moisture.
- Parsley — matures in 70–90 days; hardy; soil pH 6.0–7.0.
- Chives — matures in 60–90 days; hardy; soil pH 6.0–7.0.
What to direct-sow in November
Sow these straight into prepared beds and water the seed row well.
- Garlic — matures in 180–240 days; hardy; soil pH 6.0–7.0.
- Shallots — matures in 90–120 days; hardy; soil pH 6.0–7.0.
What to transplant in November
Nothing is transplanted outdoors in November in Zone 7: tender transplants would not survive, and hardy ones are better left until spring. Use the month to raise herbs and microgreens indoors instead.
What to harvest in November
Pick little and often: regular picking keeps beans, squash and cucumbers producing.
- Kale — hardy, matures in 50–65 days.
- Brussels sprouts — frost-tolerant, matures in 80–100 days.
- Leeks — hardy, matures in 90–120 days.
- Carrots — hardy, matures in 60–80 days.
- Turnips — hardy, matures in 40–60 days.
- Parsnips — hardy, matures in 100–130 days.
- Spinach — hardy, matures in 40–50 days.
November planting at a glance
| Crop | What to do | Days to maturity | Cold tolerance | Spacing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parsley | Start indoors | 70–90 | hardy | 6–8 in |
| Chives | Start indoors | 60–90 | hardy | 6–8 in |
| Garlic | Direct sow | 180–240 | hardy | 6 in |
| Shallots | Direct sow | 90–120 | hardy | 6–8 in |
All figures are broad published ranges from standard horticultural references, and they vary by variety, soil and weather. Check your local extension service for advice on your own garden.
Soil, water and feeding in November
November soil is cold and often wet, so do not dig it unless you have to: digging wet soil destroys its structure. Spread compost or leaves on the surface and let worms do the work. Mulch beds thickly to protect soil life over winter, and keep off the beds when they are sodden.
Frost and weather protection
Frost is now routine in Zone 7, with the average first autumn frost at Nov 1–15. Hardy crops handle it: kale, brussels sprouts, leeks and parsnips are at their best after a frost, but the soil will soon be too cold and wet for planting, so get garlic and cover crops in early in the month. Keep fleece over late salads and cold frames closed at night. Check your local extension service for your county's frost dates, and remember these are averages, not guarantees.
Pests and problems to watch
Pests are mostly dormant in November, which is the time to break their cycle. Clear old plant material where slugs and fungal spores overwinter, wash pots and trays, and check stored crops weekly: one rotting onion can spoil a whole store. Net brassicas against pigeons, which get hungry as other food disappears.
Frequently asked questions
Can I still plant anything in November in Zone 7?
Yes, but only hardy things: garlic and shallots early in the month, and cover crops on empty beds. Everything else waits for spring or goes indoors as microgreens.
What can I harvest in November in Zone 7?
Kale, brussels sprouts, leeks, carrots, turnips, parsnips, spinach and chard: most of them taste better after a frost. Lift roots before the ground freezes solid.
Is November too late to plant garlic in Zone 7?
It is late but usually still fine early in the month, as long as the ground is workable and not frozen. Garlic needs 180 to 240 days and a cold period to form bulbs.
Should I mulch the garden in November?
Yes: a thick mulch protects soil life, suppresses winter weeds and keeps roots from freezing and thawing. Use leaves, straw or compost on empty beds and around perennials.
For the full year, browse the planting calendar hub. Nearby months: October in Zone 7, December in Zone 7, November in Zone 8. Use the compost ratio calculator to work out exact dates for your own garden.