Crocodile Fern (Microsorum musifolium 'Crocodyllus') is a bold fern with long, leathery, bright-green fronds whose raised, textured pattern looks uncannily like crocodile skin. This guide covers everything it needs: light, water, humidity, temperature, soil, repotting, feeding, propagation and the common problems that show up when something is off. The care numbers below come from the Garden Grove plant database, so you can follow them with confidence.
Crocodile fern is a conversation piece: each long, strap-like frond is covered in a raised, patterned texture that really does resemble crocodile skin, and the effect is striking up close. Unlike feathery ferns, its fronds are broad, glossy and leathery, which makes it tougher than it looks — it holds moisture better and does not crisp at the first sign of dry air. It still wants the fern basics, steady moisture and high humidity, but it is one of the more forgiving ferns for a normal living room. A wide pot suits it, since it grows from a creeping rhizome and spreads sideways over time.
Crocodile Fern at a glance
| Care factor | What this plant needs |
|---|---|
| Botanical name | Microsorum musifolium 'Crocodyllus' |
| Light | medium indirect |
| Water | weekly; keep soil evenly moist |
| Humidity | high |
| Temperature | 60–75°F |
| Repotting | every 1–2 years |
| Pet safety | non-toxic to cats and dogs |
Light
Give your Crocodile Fern medium indirect light. For most homes that means a spot near an east- or west-facing window, or a metre or so back from a bright south-facing window where the sun is gentler. Direct midday sun through glass can scorch the fronds, leaving pale, bleached patches that do not heal, so a sheer curtain or a step back from the glass is worth it in summer.
Too little light is the other problem: growth slows, fronds become sparse and pale, and the plant stops producing new growth. If the plant leans hard in one direction, rotate the pot a quarter turn every couple of weeks so it grows evenly. Our grow-light calculator can help work out how much light your spot actually provides, and the houseplants hub has more plants that suit the same light levels.
Watering
Water weekly; keep soil evenly moist. Push a finger into the soil before you water: if the top is still damp, wait; if it is drying out, water thoroughly until water runs out of the drainage holes, then empty the saucer so the plant never sits in standing water. Ferns like steady moisture — the goal is soil that is always lightly damp, never soaking wet and never bone dry.
Consistency matters more than volume. A fern watered on a wildly varying schedule — soaked one week, bone dry the next — will drop fronds far more readily than one watered a little less but on a steady routine. Water a little less in winter, when growth slows, and a little more in summer. Our watering calculator gives a starting point for your pot size, and the watering schedule generator can help you build a routine around it. Brown frond tips usually mean the soil dried out or the air is too dry; yellow fronds usually mean the soil has stayed too wet.
Humidity and temperature
Crocodile Fern prefers high humidity and temperatures of 60–75°F. Most homes sit within that temperature range for most of the year, so temperature is rarely a problem indoors — the things to watch are cold draughts in winter, radiators that dry the air, and cold windows that chill the leaves overnight. Keep the plant away from all three.
Humidity is the factor most people underestimate. In a heated home in winter the air can be much drier than this plant likes, and the first sign is usually brown, crispy leaf edges or frond tips. A pebble tray under the pot, grouping plants together, or a small humidifier all raise the humidity around the plant. Misting does very little — the water evaporates in minutes — and for some plants it can invite fungal problems, so a humidifier or a naturally humid room is the better investment. Our humidity and temperature checker can tell you whether your room suits this plant.
Soil and potting
Crocodile Fern needs a rich, moisture-retentive mix that still drains. Standard potting soil with some perlite and a little orchid bark mixed in works well — the goal is soil that holds moisture without staying soggy, since fern roots need both water and air. A pot with drainage holes is not optional; without one, water has nowhere to go and root rot follows. Our potting-mix calculator can work out the parts for a homemade mix for your pot size.
Avoid letting the mix dry out completely and then flooding it — that swing between bone dry and soaking is hard on ferns. A mix with some coir or peat holds moisture more evenly, and a top dressing of moss can slow surface drying in a warm room. Repot into fresh mix on the schedule below, because old mix compacts and holds water unevenly.
Repotting
Repot every 1–2 years, or sooner if roots are circling the drainage holes or pushing out of the top of the pot. Move up only one pot size — a pot that is too big holds wet soil the roots cannot use. Spring is the best time to repot, when the plant is about to grow, and fresh mix gives the roots a new supply of air and nutrients. Our repotting calculator can help you work out the next pot size and how much fresh mix you will need.
When you repot, take the chance to inspect the roots: healthy roots are firm and pale, while black, mushy roots are rotted and should be trimmed away with clean scissors. Tease out the bottom of the root ball gently so the roots can grow into the fresh mix, set the plant at the same depth it was growing before, and water it in well. Do not repot a stressed or sick plant unless the pot or soil is the cause of the problem — repotting is a shock, and a struggling plant recovers better once the underlying issue is fixed.
Feeding
Feed during the growing season, in spring and summer, with a balanced liquid houseplant fertiliser at half the strength on the label, and do not feed in autumn and winter when the plant is barely growing. Always follow the directions on the label — more fertiliser is not better, and excess salts build up in the soil and burn the roots, which often shows up as brown leaf tips. If you have been feeding heavily, flush the soil with plain water every few months to wash the salts out. A plant that was recently repotted into fresh mix needs no extra food for the first couple of months, since fresh mix already contains nutrients.
Propagation
Crocodile Fern is propagated by division of its creeping rhizome. In spring, cut a section of rhizome with a frond and roots attached, lay it on fresh, moisture-retentive mix, and keep it warm and humid until new growth appears. You can also divide the whole plant when repotting. Spores form under mature fronds but are slow to grow, so rhizome division is the method home growers use.
Common problems and fixes
| Problem | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Shedding fronds | Dry air or inconsistent watering | Keep the watering steady and raise the humidity. |
| Pale fronds | Too much direct sun | Move the plant out of direct sun into indirect light. |
| Root rot | Soggy soil | Take the plant out of the pot, trim away any black, mushy roots, and repot in fresh, free-draining mix. |
Shedding fronds
Likely cause: dry air or inconsistent watering. Keep the watering steady and raise the humidity. Avoid moving the plant around and keep it away from draughts and heating vents. Shedding usually stops once conditions settle.
Pale fronds
Likely cause: too much direct sun. Move the plant out of direct sun into indirect light. Pale, washed-out fronds mean the light is too strong; the plant should colour up again on new growth.
Root rot
Likely cause: soggy soil. Take the plant out of the pot, trim away any black, mushy roots, and repot in fresh, free-draining mix. Water much less while it recovers and make sure the pot drains freely.
Frequently asked questions
How often should I water crocodile fern?
Water weekly; keep soil evenly moist. Always check the soil with a finger first rather than watering on a fixed day, because the interval changes with the season, the pot size and the warmth of the room. Water thoroughly when the soil is dry enough and let the excess drain away completely, and never let the plant sit in standing water.
What light does crocodile fern need?
It needs medium indirect light. A spot near an east- or west-facing window usually suits it well. Too little light gives slow, weak growth, while harsh midday sun can scorch the leaves — use the guidance in the Light section above to place it well.
Is crocodile fern safe for cats and dogs?
According to the data used for this guide, crocodile fern is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Keep it out of reach of pets that chew plants, and if a pet eats any of it, contact your vet.
Why are the fronds on my crocodile fern textured?
The raised, leathery texture is natural — it is what gives the crocodile fern its name, because the pattern resembles crocodile skin. Smooth, flat fronds would be unusual; the texture is a sign of a healthy plant, not a problem.
When should I repot crocodile fern?
Repot every 1–2 years, in spring, or sooner if roots are circling the drainage holes. Move up one pot size only and use a fresh mix suited to this plant — see the Soil and potting section above. If you are also growing other houseplants, the same repotting routine works for them — browse the houseplants hub for more care guides in this series.
Related guides
Browse the full houseplants hub for more species care guides, or try one of these plants that suits similar conditions: